教育目标示范(Bloom 1956)

下面的分类说明了证明学习已经发生的不同类别. 花点时间回顾一下这些类别，思考一下你的经历是如何包含它们的. 你可能想看看每个类别中的动词列表，这些动词表明你通过你的经历完成了什么.

用它们作为提示来帮助你清楚地展示学习——以及学习的类型.

专业术语知识

Specific facts; ways and means of dealing with specifics (conventions, 趋势和顺序, 分类和类别, 标准, methodology); universals and abstractions in a field (principles and generalizations, (理论和结构):知识(在这里)被定义为对适当事物的记忆(回忆), 以前学过的信息.

  • defines; describes; enumerates; identifies; labels; lists; matches; names; reads; records; reproduces; selects; states; views.

理解

掌握(理解)信息材料的意思.
classifies; cites; converts; describes; discusses; estimates; explains; generalizes; gives examples; makes sense out of; paraphrases; restates (in own words); summarizes; traces; understands.

应用程序

在新的和具体的情况下使用以前学到的信息来解决只有单一或最佳答案的问题.

  • acts; administers; articulates; assesses; charts; collects; computes; constructs; contributes; controls; determines; develops; discovers; establishes; extends; implements; includes; informs; instructs; operationalizes; participates; predicts; prepares; preserves; produces; projects; provides; relates; reports; shows; solves; teaches; transfers; uses; utilizes.

分析

将信息材料分解成它们的组成部分, 检查(并试图理解)这些信息的组织结构，通过确定动机或原因得出不同的结论, 做出推论, 和/或找到证据来支持概括.

  • breaks down; correlates; diagrams; differentiates; discriminates; distinguishes; focuses; illustrates; infers; limits; outlines; points out; prioritizes; recognizes; separates; subdivides.

合成

创造性地或发散地运用先前的知识和技能来创造一个新的或原创的整体.

  • adapts; anticipates; categorizes; collaborates; combines; communicates; compares; compiles; composes; contrasts; creates; designs; devises; expresses; facilitates; formulates; generates; incorporates; individualizes; initiates; integrates; intervenes; models; modifies; negotiates; plans; progresses; rearranges; reconstructs; reinforces; reorganizes; revises; structures; substitutes; validates.

评价

根据个人价值观/观点来判断材料的价值, 产生最终产品的, 有了既定的目的, 没有真正的正确或错误的答案

  • appraises; compares & contrasts; concludes; criticizes; critiques; decides; defends; interprets; judges; justifies; reframes; supports.